Acquiring a Social Security number in Spain, known as the “Número de Seguridad Social,” is crucial for anyone planning to work in Spain for an extended period. Similar to other essential documents like the NIE/TIE Card and Empadronamiento, the Social Security number enables you to fully integrate into Spanish society as a resident. While it’s not necessary for everyone, it’s important to determine if you need it for your specific situation in Spain.

In this comprehensive guide, we cover all aspects of obtaining a Social Security number in Spain—from understanding what it is to who needs it and how to apply. Use our content overview to find the information you need or read on for a complete understanding.

What is the Social Security Number and Who Needs It?

The Social Security number, officially termed the “Número de Afiliación de la Seguridad Social” but commonly called the “Número de Seguridad Social” or “SSN,” registers you within Spain’s tax and social security system. This registration grants you access to various benefits, including healthcare, social security, disability support, unemployment benefits, and other resources to assist you in times of need.

You need a Social Security number if you plan to earn money legally in Spain. Unlike other legal documents, the duration of your stay doesn’t matter—you must have an SSN if you fall into any of these categories:

- Employed by a company

- Self-employed (autónomo)

- Student undertaking a paid internship

- Civil servant or military personnel

- Business owner or partner

Note: One of the main advantages of registering with the Spanish Social Security system is access to public healthcare. Ensure you understand the healthcare system and consider contracting comprehensive private health insurance for full coverage.

How to Get a Social Security Number in Madrid

Applying for a Social Security number in Spain can be challenging, especially with the bureaucratic hurdles and limited online information. This section outlines the essential steps, including making an appointment, required forms, and what to expect during the process.

Step 1: Schedule Your Appointment (Cita Previa)

To schedule your Social Security number appointment, visit the official Spanish “Seguridad Social” website here. Follow these steps:

1. Select Your Location: In the “Localización” dropdown, choose “Por Municipio” and then “Madrid, Madrid.”

2. Apply Filters: Click “Aplicar filtros” to reload the page with a list of offices.

3. Choose an Office: Look for offices labeled “TESORERIA GENERAL DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL.”

4. Book Your Appointment: Use the provided contact information to schedule your appointment. Be prepared to speak Spanish when calling the call center. If you face difficulties, consider contacting MTS for assistance in obtaining your SSN within 3-4 working days.

Step 2: Complete the Modelo TA-1 Form

Download and complete the Modelo TA-1 form, which is necessary for your application.

Step 3: Gather Required Documents

Ensure you have the following documents for your appointment:

- Passport, National ID card (for EU citizens), or NIE/TIE Card (plus copies)

- Valid visa for non-EU citizens (plus copy)

- Signed housing contract or Padrón certificate (plus copy)

- Employment contract or paid internship contract (plus copy)

Note: EU citizens can apply for a Social Security number with their passport or National ID card. However, obtaining an NIE Card and updating your SSN with your NIE number is highly recommended.

By following these steps, you can successfully navigate the process of obtaining a Social Security number in Spain, ensuring you are well-integrated and have access to essential benefits.