What Is Form I-485?

Form I-485 is officially called the Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status. It’s the form used by people already in the United States who want to apply for a Green Card. This process is often referred to as “adjustment of status.”

In short, Form I-485 lets someone change from a temporary visa or immigration status to lawful permanent resident status, without needing to leave the U.S.

Who Can File Form I-485?

You must be physically present in the U.S. to apply.

You can file as either:

1. A principal applicant (someone applying based on their own eligibility), or
2. A derivative applicant (a spouse or child of the main applicant)

There are several categories that may allow you to apply, including:

1. Family-based (such as marriage to a U.S. citizen or green card holder)
2. Employment-based
3. Special immigrant cases
4. Asylum or refugee status
5. Victims of human trafficking or certain crimes
6. Specific government or humanitarian programs
7. Other special cases

Each category has its own requirements.

Who Cannot File Form I-485?

You usually cannot apply if:

1. You are not physically in the U.S.
2. You entered the U.S. as a crew member, a transit traveler, or as a witness/informant
3. You were involved in or supported terrorist activity

You may also be ineligible if certain personal factors apply, including:

1. Certain health conditions
2. Criminal history
3. Security risks
4. Past immigration violations
5. Risk of becoming dependent on public benefits
6. Other grounds like unlawful voting or practicing polygamy

In some situations, a waiver may be available depending on your case.

How Much Does It Cost?

The typical government fee for Form I-485 is around $1,440. But the exact amount can vary depending on your age, status, or eligibility for a fee waiver.

To find the correct fee for your situation, use the official USCIS Fee Calculator at:
www.uscis.gov/feecalculator

How Long Does It Take?

Processing times can vary based on your case type and the field office handling your application. Some cases are processed in about 9 to 20 months, while others may take longer.

To get the most accurate estimate, check the USCIS Processing Times tool at:
https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/

What Documents Do You Need?

If you’re applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen or green card holder, you’ll generally need to include:

1. Proof that you entered the U.S. legally (like a visa and I-94 travel record)
2. Proof of your nationality (passport and birth certificate)
3. Proof that your U.S. spouse can support you (recent tax returns, pay stubs)
4. Certified court records if you’ve ever been arrested
5. A medical exam by a USCIS-approved doctor

You don’t need every document ready before starting, but everything must be submitted before USCIS can make a decision.