If you're planning to live in Japan for more than three months, one of the most important documents you’ll need is the Zairyu Card, also called the residence card. This card is issued by the Ministry of Justice and serves as your official ID and proof of legal residency.

This guide explains who needs the card, when you need to renew it, and how to apply for changes or permanent residency.

What Is a Zairyu Card?

The Zairyu Card is given to foreign residents staying in Japan for more than three months. These residents are called “mid- to long-term residents.” The card includes your name, address, nationality, visa status, and period of stay. You must carry it with you at all times while in Japan.

Who Does Not Get a Zairyu Card?

Not everyone who enters Japan receives a residence card. Here are six cases where a Zairyu Card is not issued:

1. People staying in Japan for three months or less
2. Those with Temporary Visitor status
3. People with Diplomat or Official status
4. Staff of the Taiwan-Japan Relations Association or the Permanent General Mission of Palestine, and their families, if they have Designated Activities status
5. Special Permanent Residents
6. Anyone without an official status of residence

Extending Your Period of Stay in Japan

If you want to stay in Japan longer than your current visa allows, you must apply to extend your period of stay. This must be done at a Regional Immigration Services Bureau.

Documents Needed:

1. Passport
2. Residence Card (if you already have one)
3. One photo (4 cm x 3 cm, taken within the last three months; not required for those under 16)
4. Application form for extension of period of stay
5. Supporting documents that explain your activities in Japan

You should apply before your period of stay ends. If your current stay is six months or more, you can apply up to three months before it expires. In special cases such as long hospital stays or business trips, early applications may also be allowed.

Changing the Purpose of Your Stay (Visa Type)

If your situation changes—for example, from being a student to working—you must apply to change your status of residence. This also takes place at a Regional Immigration Services Bureau.

Documents Needed:

1. Passport
2. Residence Card (if already issued)
3. One photo (4 cm x 3 cm, taken within the last three months; not required for those under 16)
4. Application form for change of status of residence
5. Documents that explain your new activities in Japan

Applying for Permanent Residence in Japan

If you want to stay in Japan long-term without needing to renew your visa, you can apply for permanent residence. With permanent residence, you can live and work in Japan without restrictions. You also no longer need to renew your period of stay or change your visa status.

Documents Needed:

1. Passport
2. Residence Card
3. One photo (4 cm x 3 cm, taken within the last three months; not required for those under 16)
4. Application form for permanent residence
5. Other supporting documents depending on your case

When to Renew Your Residence Card

To renew your Zairyu Card, you must apply to extend your period of stay. This process should begin before your visa expires.

If you have a stay of six months or more, you can apply for an extension up to three months before the end date. In special situations like hospitalization or long business trips, earlier applications may be accepted.

Final Note

The Zairyu Card is an essential document for anyone living in Japan as a foreign resident. Make sure you understand when to apply for extensions, changes, or permanent residence to avoid any legal issues during your stay.

For official forms and full details, visit the Immigration Services Agency of Japan website.